The Case Against Perfection By Michael J. Sandel - 1358 Words

Nowadays, people will claim that the world is on the verge of scientific revolution that leads to the most controversial idea; genetic engineering of humans. When science technology grows exponentially faster than moral understanding, therein lies the argument between these two aspects. One can argue that genetic engineering is some sort of vast achievement in technology especially in this modern era whereby people live in full of access. However, if we look closely at the impact of this technology towards human beings, genetic engineering has many flaws and ramifications that can be debated thoroughly. Arguments and points of view are explained by Michael J. Sandel, the author of â€Å"The Case Against Perfection† and Nicholas Agar, the author of â€Å"Liberal Eugenics†. In â€Å"The Case Against Perfection†, Sandel points out that parents could improve and choose their child’s muscle strength, growth-hormones, memory and sex. They can select traits for their children and design their own babies. Further, method of in vitro fertilization also make it possible to choose the sex of the child before being born and Sandel claims that it is a kind of sex discrimination. This will lead to a social distinction and creation of two different standards of human beings that Sandel distinguishes as â€Å"those with access to enhancement technologies, and those who must make do with their natural capacities†(Sandel 2009). On the other hand, Agar thinks that people should be free to use enhancementShow MoreRelatedGenetic Enhancement Should Be A Phenomenal Asset1137 Words   |  5 Pagesis oxymoronic. Perfection means, â€Å"the condition, state, or quality of being free or as free as possible from all flaws or defects† and human mean s â€Å"a bipedal primate with characteristics of people or human beings.† The latter has no exceptions to other flaws or defects outside of being bipedal with people characteristics. In using genetics to enhance what genes are allowed to be distributed presents in itself another problem that we will discuss later. Michael Sandel argued against genetic enhancementRead MoreThe Case Against Perfection by Michael Sandels935 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as the treatment and prevention of many debilitating diseases and extending human life expectancy well beyond its current limits, there are profound moral implications associated with the ability to manipulate our own nature. Michael Sandel’s â€Å"The Case Against Perfection† examines the ethical and moral issues associated with human enhancement while Nick Bostrom’s paper, â€Å"In Defense of Posthuman Dignity† compares the positions that transhumanists and bioconservatists take on the topic of human enhancementRead MoreThe Case Against Perfection by Michael Sandel983 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Sandel is a distinguished political philosopher and a professor at Harvard University. Sandel is best known for his best known for his critique of John Rawlss A Theory of Justice. While he is an acclaimed professor if governme nt, he has also delved deeply into the ethics of biotechnology. At Harvard, Sandel has taught a course called Ethics, Biotechnology, and the Future of Human Nature and from 2002 to 2005 he served on the President’s Council on Bioethics (Harvard University DepartmentRead MoreHuman Genetic Engineering Essay977 Words   |  4 Pageshis/her offspring. Michael J. Sandel, an American political philosopher, theorizes somatic engineering will target a patient’s muscle, mood, and memory (â€Å"The Case Against†). Polygenetic traits, such as intelligence and athleticism, rely on many genes, so they will take scientists numerous years to manipulate successfully. Currently scientists can only manipulate basic traits like hair and eye color. Preventing sickness is not wrong. The issue occurs when one tries to, as Sandel claims, â€Å"reach beyondRead MoreThe Morality Of Genetic Enhancement884 Words   |  4 Pagesmorality of genetic enhancement (GE) differs from person to person. The stance Michael J. Sandel’s takes is that eugenics and GE has no morality. He states in his work, â€Å"The case against Perfection†, that manipulating ones genes makes one less human; since, humans are not perfect which is what makes one human and by designing a perfect person one is taking away their humanity. He thinks eugenics are morally problematic in the cases of abortion; in which the mother would be free to determine if she wouldRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Medical Perfection Or Playing God1280 Words   |  6 Pagesgenes to create purposefully different versions of organisms—and, in some cases, entirely new living things†, duplication of genetic cells is known as human cloning. Development of genetic engineering biotechnologies undermines the natural autonomy of life. Does genetic engineering interfere with God’s natural order or a manipulation of God creation and the intended purpose of our lives? Genetic engineering goes against the theological belief of the authority of God and religion governance orderRead MoreEssay on Transhumanism: The Drive for Perfection2249 Words   |  9 Pagessocial situation (15). Later, the woman had the blush-inducing nerves cut. He argues that this modification greatly improved her well-being, and that it improved her well-being much more than the treatment of many diseases would have (15). Michael J. Sandel disagrees with this notion that health is an instrument. According to him, the notion forgets the difference between healing and enhancing (48). Supporting this, he asserts that health is not something that is to be maximized. Health is only

Alexander Hamilton Revised - 866 Words

Throughout Federalist #78, Alexander Hamilton discusses the importance of having a judiciary branch and the power of judicial review. An important consideration throughout the decision of having judiciary review was appointing the judges and deciding on the tenure in office. There was high concern about these judges being unelected and serving for life. People thought this would lead to them being more corrupt and less likely to base their decisions around what the people really want and need. There would not be a huge check on them, and they would never have to face re-election, so would not have to focus on keeping everyone happy with them in their position. However, Hamilton argued that being unelected and serving for life was beneficial for these judges. Serving for life provides them with the time and ability to become experts in what they do. If they had to be switched out every so often, we would have judges becoming experts just to be kicked out of their position and replaced with new, less informed judges who would have to start the process of becoming an expert all over again. In keeping them unelected, w e avoid the influence of factions or other groups that could sway their, or the public’s, decisions on policies and who to elect into office. They also will not be affected by the comings and goings of political parties, and will place them above any current â€Å"trending† social issues. They do have to serve under good behavior, however, lest they be impeached. OtherShow MoreRelatedOverview of the Whiskey Rebellion Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesfederal government to implement laws in the United States. The Whiskey Rebellions occurrence was mainly due to a man named Alexander Hamilton. In 1791, right around the time when the American Revolution was finally over and the Americans had won their freedom, America itself was still in debt to their financial aids that had assisted them during the war. At the time, Hamilton was Washingtons secretary of the treasury. He figured, in order to pay and take care of certain war debts, that Congress shouldRead MoreJames Madison : The Oldest Of 12 Children1139 Words   |  5 PagesJames Madison, born in 1751 in Orange County, Virginia, was America’s fourth president, he served from 1809 - 1817. He wrote The Federalist Paper, with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton. Many people referred to him as The Father of The Constitution because of his many contributions to the ratification of the Constitution. James Madison was the oldest of 12 children. In 1762 he was sent to a boarding school. When he returned home, his father got him a private tutor because he was concerned about hisRead MoreHow Did The Colonists Manage The Outcome Of The War?2274 Words   |  10 Pagesbeing weak and frail to strong and confident. James Madison believed that it was necessary to discuss the state economic state the country was in. Since not many showed up to the first, the ones that did show up agreed to discuss further with Alexander Hamilton in Philadelphia. Because of the uprising in Massachusetts, the confederation agreed to a second meeting. What was meant to be about amending the Articles of Confederation, soon turned into a meeting about an outline on how the government shouldRead MoreGeorge Washington Farewell Address1117 Words   |  5 PagesPhiladelphia newspaper on September 19, 1796, with the title â€Å"The Address of George Washington to the People of America on His Declining of the Pres idency of the United States†. Towards the end of his second term of presidency, Washington revised the address with Alexander Hamilton and in his Farewell Address, Washington strained the importance of religion, patriotism, and morality in American politics. Washington made many important points and gave many forewarnings that the nation should consider, but theRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The United States1096 Words   |  5 Pagesinto a powerful united nation due to the Federalist Papers’ highlighting the glaring weaknesses associated with the document and building on the key concepts. The Federalist Papers were a series of 85 essays that were anonymously written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pen name â€Å"Publius† and published in various newspapers in New York; the purpose of these essays that were published between October 1787 and August 1788, was to state reasons as to why the new Constitut ionRead MorePowers Of The United States Constitution1552 Words   |  7 Pagespowers such as this one, this clause enables Congress to stretch the expressed powers beyond their actual print in the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton proposed for the United States to establish its first bank; however Thomas Jefferson, Edmund Randolph, and James Madison disagreed. They felt that the bank was not â€Å"necessary and proper† (Namtvedt). Alexander Hamilton believed in the implied powers aspect of the Constitution; thus suggesting a â€Å"strong central government† for the United States. In contrastRead MoreA Nation Of Pride .. Lifein America After The Revolutionary1034 Words   |  5 PagesArticles of Confederation and the need for a stronger form of government. Due to the occurrence of Shay s Rebellion, Alexander Hamilton requested a meeting to strengthen the form of government. In response, in May of 1787, a group of fifty-five men gathered in Philadelphia for the constitutional convention. However, many people refused to go to this meeting, including Patrick Henry. Hamilton remained the sole representative from New York. Two-thirds of the delegates were lawyers, and there were no farmersRead MoreHow Does The Constitution Allow For Enduring Debate?1890 Words   |  8 Pages How does The Constitution allow for enduring debate? In what ways are the early visions of Hamilton and Jefferson reflect in contemporary politics? Sofia Stepanoff Honors History 6 15 December 2014 The ratification of Articles of Confederation was approved, The Constitution was created. The founding fathers decided to create the constitution because the Articles of Confederation limited the central government too much. The Constitution was built to change. The way the constitutionRead MoreThe Articles of Confederation Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesThe Articles of Confederation Independence from Britain made necessary the establishment of a new government. Eleven states drew up new constitutions; Connecticut and Rhode Island revised colonial charters. The Articles of Confederation created a loose union of near-sovereign states. The Confederation was inadequate and was failing in the structure of government. They also were in deep trouble, financially and economically. The Articles of Confederation probably achieved its most importantRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Affairs Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesFrance in the war. Both Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury and a Federalist (America Past and Present, pages 197 and 203), and Thomas Jefferson, the Secretary of State and a Republican (America Past and Present, pages 197 and 203), wanted to avoid war. However, Jefferson believed that nations wanting to trade with Americans should honor American neutrality, thus, if Britain treated the US as a colonial possession, then the US should favor France in trade. Hamilton thought this to be insane

How to write a research paper Free Essays

How to Write a Research Paper Free Essays According to Writer’s Help (n. d. ), there are a series of steps for writing a research paper. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, once you have your research topic, you would need to come up with a research question about your subject. Before you start to develop a research question, you would need to explore the subject. Reading, annotating texts and visuals, talking and listening, listing, clustering, free writing and asking questions are some of the strategies that you can use in order to get several ideas that will help you to generate your research questions. After exploring your topic, create a worth-while researching question that will give you more focus on what to do during your research and writing. Then, you would need to design a research strategy in order to find relevant sources. You can do this by consulting a reference librarian or exploring your library’s website that will give you information on accessible resources. Do not merely choose a research strategy, such as using Google, without actually assessing all types of sources. After you have planned your research strategy, think of the function of each source that you will be using for your research paper. Sources can be used for different purposes such as providing background of your topic, explaining terms or supporting claims. This would give you more focus on what information you would need from the sources that you will use. Next, select sources that you believe would give you the information that you need. During this stage, you only need to scan the sources. Make sure that the sources are relevant, reliable and current. Once you have selected your sources, start to evaluate the sources. While reading the sources, you need to take other people’ views or arguments about your research subject into account. In order to do that, you would need to be open-minded in receiving a new or opposing idea. Analyze the contexts of the sources critically. Make sure that you take notes and keep track of the chosen sources while analyzing the sources. When taking notes, do not plagiarize the authors’ work. You can either use summarizing, paraphrasing or quoting strategy in order to prevent plagiarism. In addition, keep track of the sources by making a working bibliography, where you gather the list of the sources. After that, you can start writing your thesis statement, which provide a main idea of your research paper. However, you can revise your thesis statement as you write your paper. You can start writing a draft after providing a thesis statement. For your initial draft, focus on the contents and organization of the paper. Make sure to use your own words when you use information from a source. After revising the contents of the draft, you can then think of the grammar and sentence structure and create a final draft. Finally, you would need to document the sources that you use. You would have to recognize the type of documentation style that you are required to use. It could be MLA style, APA style or Chicago style depending on the courses you are writing it for. By documenting the sources both in text and references list, you basically have finished writing a research paper. In conclusion, these are useful steps that you can practice in writing a good research paper. REFERENCES Writer’s Help (n. d. ). â€Å"How do I begin a research paper? †. Retrieved from http://writershelp. bedfordstmartins. com/ebooks/helphandbook. php How to cite How to Write a Research Paper, Essays

Research Proposal Regarding Low Employee Morale-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Research proposal regarding low Employee Morale. Answer: Introduction: This research proposal revolves around a company that goes by the name Verbeek Export. Hans Verbreek established it in the year 1975. The company was initially setup for distributing flowers. Its range of operations includes Europe and Scandinavia. The research proposal will identify key reasons that lead to decrease in profit for the company. Following identification of key reasons, the proposal will develop a methodology for collecting and assessing data. After assessment, the proposal would be able to provide a recommendation. Decrease in profit is a business problem, this inhibits growth, and viability of the business is put under scanner. It was established that due to low morale of employees, productivity of the company was hit and this resulted in reduction of profit. Additionally, the proposal would help in providing recommendation that would help to mitigate the business problem identified. Background: By internal research, it was established that workload in the company is unbalanced. Employees were showing signs of fatigue by working long hours in the company. This resulted in poor quality of work. Based on internal feedback, the company decided to introduce a break of 15 minutes. This solution was not enough as the company faced employee retention issues. Prior investigation also revealed that a rival company of Verbeek Export paid higher rates to workers and this contributed to retention issues in the company. Research aim and objectives: The research aims to find out contributing factors that leads to low morale among employees. The research also aims to find out underlying causes that leads to lower productivity. To identify the factors that leads to low morale of employees. To identify the factors that leads to lower productivity. To provide recommendation to mitigate the business problem. Research questions: Q1. What are the factors that lead to low morale? Q2. What are the contributing factors that lead to low productivity in a company? Q3. What can be done to solve the business problem? Literature review: A problem within a business might lead lowering of profit. This can stem from internal issues such as low morale. Morale of employees is difficult to manage. For any organization, it is critical to maintain high employee retention rate and this puts focus on how to increase employee morale (Qureshi et al., 2015). The process of determining employee satisfaction level for the company is difficult since it is hard to get a read on employees feelings. It is widespread believe among top managers that the leading cause of low morale is money but that is not the case always (Kocakulah, et al., 2016). Lack of development of the employee, reduced employee morale, and a feeling of detachment from company objectives leads to lower employee retention rates. It was also established that employees wants to feel that they are part of something bigger, which actually means their role, has an impact on the business conducted by the organization (Grissom, Viano Selin, 2016). This literature review w ill provide some top reasons that lead to decrease in employee morale. Morale issues arise from poor treatment of employees by managers. Employees will not feel motivated if their managers do not treat them with respect (Fast, Burris Bartel, 2014). Employees become increasingly frustrated when goals keep changing. This happens when previous work fades away because old goals contradict with new goals. The third factor that reduces employee morale is lack of clarity about expectations. For employees of an organization, it is particularly discouraging to know nothing about goals (Morrison, See Pan, 2015). Goals must be clear for every employee. For an organization, there can be certain set of criteria by which a performance of employee is measured. Employees are bound to feel frustrated if they are not able to know the criterias by which they are being judged. Lack in communication among employee and a supervisor will lead to lower morale. Resentment and hatred arises among employees when they feel they are sidelined. It is critical for a company to have proper communication channels in the hierarchy. Employee morale will also decrease if their hard work is not recognized by the organization. Each employee wishes that his or her hard work were recognized. A simple praise by a supervisor can do a trick. The sixth point will highlight the lack of employee development plan. If there are no clear development plans available, then employees will not be able to realize their full potential. Morale can also be lowered from lack of trust. An employee would not be able to perform his/her abilities to the fullest if his/her every move is being scrutinized. One of the most important factors that lead to low employee morale is immense workload. A company should review workload of employees at regular interval to keep a check on employee morale. Employee morale is decreased when they are not compensated adequately. If the compensation does not reflect the amount of work done by the employee then resentment among the employees will be on the rise (Judge et al., 2017). Productivity of the company is very important and thus, few points will be discussed. Cash incentives and non-cash incentives such as trips and gifts can b e introduced to increase productivity of the company. Office picnics are a great way to rejuvenate for the employees. This type of activities helps the employees to unwind and releases stress which further results in increase in productivity. Team building exercise can be undertaken to make the employees socialize with one another. This will also result in increasing productivity among the employees. Low employee morale will decrease collaboration between teams, negatively impact culture of the team and this will affect the way customers are treated. The main problem lies with the environment. The environment that is created through attitudes, biases and faulty policies will lead to decrease in morale. Some of the main causes of low employee morale are lack of clarity, lack of growth, leadership changes and issues with leadership. To deal with low employee morale the organization must practice transparency, give recognition to employees, must train managers, must offer growth, should collect feedback and have extensive team building exercise. The above points mentioned will mitigate the risk of having low employee morale in the organization. Research Methodology: Data collection method: Before starting this data collection process, the need for qualitative and explorative study will be established. Data collection method for this research will be in-depth interviews. Semi structured and long interview method will be followed. Long interview method will be followed since the area is relatively new for the research to be conducted upon. Semi structured interviews will be followed when the interview questions will be varied according to the answers provided by the respondent. Additionally, the long interview method will provide opportunity to see the world from respondents perspective. A research process is completed with the help of primary and secondary data. Data that is collected by surveys, interviews and questionnaire is termed as primary data (Hewson Stewart, 2016). Secondary data refers to data collected from books and journals that already contains researched material (Stage Manning, 2015). Primary data will be collected from the workers working in similar i ndustry such as flower delivery service. The main data will be collected from employees of similar industry who are willing to resign because of low employee morale. Additionally, feedback will be collected from them which will point out their frustrations and what they want the organization to do in order to eliminate the resentment in them. Data analysis Method: Interview transcripts will be compiled and analyzed using a computer aided data analysis software ATLAS.ti (Friese, 2014). Data analysis plan is of two types- first one is quantitative data analysis and the second one is qualitative data analysis (Graue, 2015). Data analysis method chosen will be qualitative data analysis since the data gathered from interviews and transcripts will be evaluated in a qualitative manner. Qualitative analysis of data is useful when there is no need to conduct mathematical and statistical analysis of an entire survey. Sampling Method: Two types of sampling method are there for a research process. First one is probability and the second one is non- probability. For the probability sample method, respondents and sample are selected on a random basis. It is used to know the complete response of a group for a given topic. The second one is non-probability method where the selections of respondents randomly are not allowed. For this specific type of sampling method, the research focuses on a target group, which is apt for the research (Palinkas et al., 2015). Non- probability sampling method will be chosen for the research since the target group is known for the research. The main target groups are the employees on the verge of resigning because of low employee morale. Ethical issues: Here ethical considerations relates to participants and steps undertaken to protect their interest and privacy. Participants chosen will be mainly English speaking and for those who are not English speaking translator will be provided. Special care will be taken to see that the translator must not alter information provided by the participants (Olteanu, K?c?man Castillo, 2018). Ethical issues may also arise from the fact that limited options are provided for a question and this indicates biasness. A consent form will be provided to every participant so that they can withdraw if they feel obligated to do so. Time Horizon: The first month shall be utilized in selecting the topic and researching about relevant information from research journals and books. The second month will be utilized in researching about the topic. Plan of research and the manner in which it will be conducted will be researched in the third month. Primary data will be collected in the fourth month. Data will be analyzed by the fifth month. By the end of sixth month, the research proposal will be drafted. Expected outcome: Interviews that will be performed as a part of this research will provide insights into the employee morale. This research will also be able to pin point the reasons that leads to lower productivity in the company. It can be said that the primary objective of this research proposal is to identify the factors that leads to low employee morale. Extensive research will also identify suggestions that will mitigate the risk of low employee morale in similar industry. References Fast, N. J., Burris, E. R., Bartel, C. A. (2014). Managing to stay in the dark: Managerial self-efficacy, ego defensiveness, and the aversion to employee voice.Academy of Management Journal,57(4), 1013-1034. Friese, S. (2014).Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS. ti. Sage. Graue, C. (2015). Qualitative data analysis.International Journal Of Sales, Retailing Marketing,4(9), 5-14. Grissom, J. A., Viano, S. L., Selin, J. L. (2016). Understanding employee turnover in the public sector: Insights from research on teacher mobility.Public Administration Review,76(2), 241-251. Hewson, C., Stewart, D. W. (2016).Internet research methods. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., Hulin, C. L. (2017). Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and of change.Journal of Applied Psychology,102(3), 356. Kocakulah, M. C., Kelley, A. G., Mitchell, K. M., Ruggieri, M. P. (2016). Absenteeism problems and costs: causes, effects and cures.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),15(3), 89. Morrison, E. W., See, K. E., Pan, C. (2015). An approach?inhibition model of employee silence: The joint effects of personal sense of power and target openness.Personnel Psychology,68(3), 547-580. Olteanu, A., K?c?man, E., Castillo, C. (2018, February). A Critical Review of Online Social Data: Biases, Methodological Pitfalls, and Ethical Boundaries. InProceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining(pp. 785-786). ACM. Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,42(5), 533-544. Qureshi, M. I., Iftikhar, M., Janjua, S. Y., Zaman, K., Raja, U. M., Javed, Y. (2015). Empirical investigation of mobbing, stress and employees behavior at work place: quantitatively refining a qualitative model.Quality Quantity,49(1), 93-113. Stage, F. K., Manning, K. (Eds.). (2015).Research in the college context: Approaches and methods. Routledg